In Tutorial Lesson 3 you used open and short stubs for tuning and matching of loads to [[Transmission Lines|transmission lines]] and sources. You saw that a given frequency, an open or short stub may behave as an inductive or capacitive load depending on its length. The impedance of an open or short stub is given by:
<math> Z_{openCap} = -jZ_0 cot\frac{j}{\omega C_L} = -\frac{j}{2\pi n (2\beta Ltimes 10^9) (0.1\times 10^{-12})} </math>
and