<math> \mathbf{J_{s,eq}(r)} = \mathbf{M(r)} \times \hat{\mathbf{n}} </math>
where <math> \hat{\mathbf{n}} </math> is the unit outward normal vector at the surface of the permanent magnet object. Note that the volume of the permanent magnet still acts as a permeable material with a relative permeability of μ in the magnetostatic analysis.
== Free-Space Magnetic Field and Vector Potential ==